Psoriasis is a common skin condition that causes red, itchy, and scaly patches to appear on the skin. If you or someone you know is dealing with this frustrating condition, you may be wondering what the best skincare treatment is. With a plethora of options available, it can be overwhelming to find the right one. In this article, we will explore different skincare treatments for psoriasis and help you discover the best approach to managing and soothing your skin. Psoriasis can be a challenging skin condition to manage, but with the right skincare treatments, you can find relief and improve the appearance of your skin. There are various approaches to treating psoriasis, including topical medications, systemic medications, phototherapy, moisturizers and emollients, dietary and lifestyle changes, natural remedies, alternative therapies, over-the-counter (OTC) topical treatments, Dead Sea therapy, and complementary and integrative medicine. In this article, we will explore each of these treatment options, highlighting their benefits and how they can help you manage your psoriasis effectively.
1. Topical Medications
1.1 Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids are often the first choice for treating mild to moderate psoriasis. They work by reducing inflammation and suppressing the immune system. Corticosteroids are available in various strengths and forms, such as creams, ointments, gels, solutions, and foams. When using corticosteroids, it’s important to follow your healthcare provider’s instructions to minimize potential side effects such as thinning of the skin and skin discoloration.
1.2 Vitamin D Analogues
Vitamin D analogues, such as calcipotriene (Dovonex), work by slowing down the growth of skin cells and reducing inflammation. They are available as creams, ointments, and solutions. Vitamin D analogues are often combined with corticosteroids to enhance their effectiveness. These medications are generally safe and well-tolerated.
1.3 Retinoids
Retinoids, such as tazarotene (Tazorac), are derived from vitamin A and help normalize the growth of skin cells. They are available as creams and gels. It’s essential to use retinoids as directed by your healthcare provider, as they can cause skin irritation and increased sensitivity to sunlight.
1.4 Coal Tar
Coal tar has been used for decades to treat psoriasis due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-itch properties. It is available in various forms, including shampoos, oils, creams, ointments, and bath additives. Although coal tar can stain clothing and skin, it is generally safe and effective when used as directed.
1.5 Salicylic Acid
Salicylic acid helps remove scales and has keratolytic properties, allowing other medications to penetrate the skin more effectively. It is available in shampoos, creams, ointments, gels, and soaps. However, it’s essential to use salicylic acid cautiously and avoid applying it to large areas of the body, as it may cause skin irritation.
1.6 Calcineurin Inhibitors
Calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus (Protopic) and pimecrolimus (Elidel), suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation. They are available as ointments and are primarily used for psoriasis affecting sensitive areas like the face and genitals. These medications may cause a burning sensation and should be used cautiously under a healthcare provider’s supervision.
1.7 Topical Psoralen plus Ultraviolet A (PUVA)
PUVA involves applying psoralen, a photosensitizing medication, to the skin before exposure to ultraviolet A (UVA) light. This combination helps slow down the excessive growth of skin cells. PUVA is typically reserved for severe cases of psoriasis that have not responded to other treatments. It requires close monitoring and should only be performed under the supervision of a healthcare provider.
2. Systemic Medications
2.1 Methotrexate
Methotrexate is an immune-suppressing medication that can effectively control psoriasis symptoms. It is usually prescribed for moderate to severe psoriasis and is taken orally or by injection. Regular monitoring and follow-up with your healthcare provider is crucial while taking methotrexate, as it can have potential side effects on the liver and blood cells.
2.2 Cyclosporine
Cyclosporine is another immunosuppressant that can be used to treat severe psoriasis. It works by suppressing the immune response that triggers the rapid skin cell growth seen in psoriasis. Cyclosporine is typically used for short-term treatment due to potential side effects, including kidney damage and increased blood pressure. Regular monitoring is necessary while taking this medication.
2.3 Retinoids
Retinoids, such as acitretin (Soriatane), can also be taken orally to manage psoriasis. They work by normalizing the growth of skin cells. Retinoids are primarily prescribed for severe psoriasis but can have side effects like dryness, sensitivity to sunlight, and potential birth defects if taken during pregnancy.
2.4 Biologic Drugs
Biologic drugs, such as adalimumab (Humira), etanercept (Enbrel), and ustekinumab (Stelara), are specifically designed to target the immune system pathways responsible for psoriasis. They are usually reserved for moderate to severe psoriasis that has not responded to other treatments. Biologics are typically administered by injection or infusion and require close monitoring due to potential side effects like increased risk of infections.
3. Phototherapy
3.1 Ultraviolet B (UVB) Phototherapy
UVB phototherapy exposes the skin to ultraviolet B light, which slows down the excessive growth of skin cells and reduces inflammation. It can be done at a medical facility or with a home UVB unit under the guidance of a healthcare provider. UVB phototherapy may require multiple sessions per week, and consistent treatment is essential for desired results.
3.2 Psoralen plus Ultraviolet A (PUVA) Phototherapy
PUVA phototherapy combines the use of psoralen, a medication that makes the skin more sensitive to UVA light, with UVA light exposure. This treatment helps slow down skin cell growth and reduce inflammation. PUVA therapy is usually administered in a medical facility and requires regular monitoring due to potential side effects.
3.3 Excimer Laser
The excimer laser delivers targeted ultraviolet light to psoriasis-affected areas, minimizing exposure to healthy skin. It can be an effective option, especially for localized plaques. Excimer laser treatments are usually conducted in a medical setting, and the number of sessions required may vary based on individual response.
4. Moisturizers and Emollients
4.1 Importance of Moisturizers
Moisturizers and emollients play a crucial role in managing psoriasis by hydrating the skin and reducing dryness and itchiness. They form a protective barrier that locks in moisture and prevents skin irritation. Regular and consistent use of moisturizers can help improve the overall condition of the skin, even between psoriasis flare-ups.
4.2 Moisturizers with Ceramides
Moisturizers containing ceramides help restore and strengthen the skin barrier, which is often compromised in psoriasis. They provide long-lasting hydration and help reduce itching and inflammation. Look for products specifically formulated for psoriasis or dry skin conditions, containing ingredients like ceramides, glycerin, and hyaluronic acid.
4.3 Moisturizers with Salicylic Acid
Moisturizers with salicylic acid can help remove scales and promote better absorption of other topical treatments. They also have anti-inflammatory properties that can calm the skin. However, it’s essential to follow your healthcare provider’s recommendations on using salicylic acid, as excessive use or application to large areas can cause skin irritation.
4.4 Moisturizers with Urea
Moisturizers containing urea help hydrate and soften the skin, making it more receptive to other psoriasis treatments. Urea also has exfoliating properties that can help remove scales and reduce itching. Look for moisturizers with a concentration of around 10% urea for effective results.
4.5 Moisturizers with Shea Butter
Shea butter is a natural emollient that moisturizes and soothes the skin. It has anti-inflammatory properties and helps reduce redness and itching. Shea butter-based moisturizers can provide relief and improve the overall appearance of psoriasis-affected skin.
4.6 Moisturizers with Aloe Vera
Aloe vera has long been used for its soothing and moisturizing properties. It helps reduce inflammation and itching, providing relief to psoriasis-affected skin. Look for moisturizers containing high concentrations of pure aloe vera gel for maximum benefit.
5. Dietary and Lifestyle Changes
5.1 Anti-Inflammatory Diet
Adopting an anti-inflammatory diet can have a positive impact on managing psoriasis. Focus on consuming foods rich in antioxidants, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats. Avoid or limit processed foods, sugary drinks, and foods high in saturated fats, as they can promote inflammation and worsen psoriasis symptoms.
5.2 Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines, have anti-inflammatory properties that can help alleviate psoriasis symptoms. If dietary sources are insufficient, omega-3 supplements can be considered. However, consult your healthcare provider before taking any supplements.
5.3 Gluten-Free Diet
Some individuals with psoriasis may have a sensitivity to gluten, a protein found in wheat and other grains. If you suspect gluten intolerance is exacerbating your symptoms, consider adopting a gluten-free diet. Consult a registered dietitian or healthcare provider to ensure a balanced and nutritious gluten-free diet.
5.4 Stress Management
Stress can trigger or worsen psoriasis flare-ups. Engage in stress-reducing activities, such as meditation, yoga, deep breathing exercises, or hobbies you enjoy. Practice self-care and make time for activities that relax and rejuvenate you.
5.5 Regular Exercise
Regular exercise not only improves overall health but can also benefit psoriasis. Engaging in moderate-intensity exercises like brisk walking, swimming, or cycling helps reduce inflammation and improve circulation. Remember to protect your skin during exercise and maintain proper hygiene to prevent excessive sweating.
6. Natural Remedies
6.1 Aloe Vera
Aloe vera gel, extracted from the leaves of the aloe vera plant, has soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. Applying aloe vera gel topically can help reduce redness, itching, and inflammation associated with psoriasis. Look for pure aloe vera gel and apply it to affected areas as needed.
6.2 Fish Oil
Fish oil supplements, rich in omega-3 fatty acids, have been found to have anti-inflammatory effects beneficial for psoriasis management. Consult your healthcare provider for appropriate dosage and consider incorporating dietary sources of omega-3 fatty acids as well.
6.3 Turmeric
Turmeric, a spice commonly used in cooking, contains curcumin, a compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Adding turmeric to your diet or taking curcumin supplements may help reduce psoriasis symptoms. However, consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplements.
6.4 Tea Tree Oil
Tea tree oil has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties that can help alleviate symptoms of psoriasis. Dilute tea tree oil with a carrier oil and apply it to affected areas as directed. Be cautious, as tea tree oil can cause skin irritation in some individuals.
6.5 Apple Cider Vinegar
Apple cider vinegar has properties that can help balance the skin’s pH level and reduce itching and inflammation. Dilute apple cider vinegar with water and apply it to affected areas using a clean cloth or cotton ball. Rinse off after a few minutes and moisturize the skin afterward.
6.6 Dead Sea Salt Baths
Soaking in a bath with Dead Sea salt, known for its high mineral content, can help remove scales, reduce inflammation, and moisturize the skin. Add Dead Sea salt to warm bathwater and soak for 15-20 minutes. Remember to moisturize afterward to lock in moisture.
7. Alternative Therapies
7.1 Acupuncture
Acupuncture, a traditional Chinese medicine practice, involves the insertion of thin needles into specific points on the body to promote healing and balance energy flow. Some individuals with psoriasis have reported symptom relief after acupuncture sessions. Consult a licensed acupuncturist to explore this treatment option.
7.2 Hypnosis
Hypnosis is a therapeutic technique that aims to induce a state of deep relaxation and heightened suggestibility. It can be used as a complementary approach to manage stress and potentially alleviate psoriasis symptoms by promoting relaxation and reducing psychological distress.
7.3 Homeopathy
Homeopathy is a form of alternative medicine that uses highly diluted substances to stimulate the body’s self-healing abilities. Homeopathic treatments for psoriasis vary based on individual symptoms and may include ingredients like Graphites, Arsenicum album, or Rhus toxicodendron. Consult a qualified homeopath for personalized treatment.
7.4 Yoga
Yoga combines physical postures, controlled breathing, and meditation to promote overall health and well-being. Regular practice of yoga can help reduce stress, improve flexibility, and potentially alleviate psoriasis symptoms. Look for yoga classes or online resources specifically designed for individuals with psoriasis or sensitive skin conditions.
8. OTC Topical Treatments
8.1 Hydrocortisone Cream
Hydrocortisone cream, available over the counter, can help reduce inflammation and itching associated with mild psoriasis. It is suitable for short-term use on smaller affected areas. Follow the instructions on the packaging and consult your healthcare provider for guidance.
8.2 Salicylic Acid
OTC products containing salicylic acid can help remove scales and promote the penetration of other topical treatments. Use salicylic acid with caution, as excessive or prolonged use can cause skin irritation.
8.3 Coal Tar
OTC coal tar products, such as shampoos, creams, and ointments, can help reduce inflammation and itching associated with psoriasis. Follow the instructions on the product label and be aware of potential skin staining.
8.4 Aloe Vera Gel
Aloe vera gel, available in OTC formulations, can provide soothing relief and help reduce inflammation for mild to moderate psoriasis. Look for pure aloe vera gel without added fragrances or preservatives.
8.5 Capsaicin Cream
Capsaicin cream, derived from chili peppers, can temporarily reduce itching and pain associated with psoriasis. It works by blocking nerve signals in the skin. Use capsaicin cream sparingly to avoid skin irritation, and wash hands thoroughly after application.
9. Dead Sea Therapy
9.1 Benefits of Dead Sea Minerals
The minerals found in the Dead Sea, including magnesium, calcium, and potassium, have been shown to have therapeutic effects on various skin conditions, including psoriasis. These minerals can help exfoliate dead skin cells, reduce inflammation, and improve the skin’s overall appearance.
9.2 Dead Sea Salt Baths
Soaking in a bath with Dead Sea salt can provide relief from itching and scaling associated with psoriasis. The high mineral content of the salt helps moisturize the skin and reduce inflammation. It is important to follow the recommended soaking time and moisturize after the bath.
9.3 Dead Sea Mud Masks
Dead Sea mud masks are rich in minerals and can help remove impurities, reduce inflammation, and soothe psoriasis-affected skin. Applying a thin layer of Dead Sea mud to affected areas and leaving it on for the recommended time can provide relief and improve the appearance of the skin.
10. Complementary and Integrative Medicine
10.1 Herbal Medicine
Herbal medicine uses plant-based remedies to promote healing and balance in the body. Some herbal remedies, such as Oregon grape (Mahonia aquifolium), aloe vera, and chamomile, have been used to alleviate psoriasis symptoms. However, it is important to consult a qualified herbalist or healthcare provider before starting any herbal treatments.
10.2 Traditional Chinese Medicine
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) approaches psoriasis as an imbalance in the body’s energy flow. TCM treatments may include acupuncture, herbal remedies, dietary adjustments, and lifestyle modifications. Consulting a TCM practitioner with experience in psoriasis can help tailor a treatment plan specifically for you.
10.3 Ayurveda
Ayurveda, an ancient Indian medical system, views psoriasis as a result of imbalances in the body’s doshas. Ayurvedic treatments may include herbal medicines, dietary changes, stress management techniques, and detoxification therapies. Seek guidance from a qualified Ayurvedic practitioner to explore personalized treatment options.
10.4 Naturopathy
Naturopathy focuses on natural therapies and lifestyle modifications to promote holistic healing and improve overall health. Naturopathic treatments for psoriasis may include dietary changes, herbal remedies, stress reduction techniques, and detoxification strategies. Consult a licensed naturopathic doctor to design a comprehensive treatment plan.
In conclusion, finding the best skincare treatment for psoriasis involves considering various options and tailoring them to your individual needs and preferences. Seek guidance from a healthcare provider or dermatologist to determine the most suitable approach for you. By combining appropriate medical treatments, lifestyle modifications, and self-care practices, you can effectively manage psoriasis and improve the health and appearance of your skin. Remember, consistency and patience are key when dealing with this chronic skin condition.